Hello,

I am an Honours LLM student in Public International Law, specialising in the Law and Politics of International Security. I recently graduated from the Law in Society programme, where my thesis was nominated for the Best Thesis Award.

As part of the Honours Programme, I work with organisations addressing the repression of international crimes in Africa. In addition, I serve as an editor at the Utrecht Law Review, Amsterdam Law Forum, and PoliteiaVU, and have developed extensive experience in academic and legal writing through several published articles and research projects.

Brings advanced knowledge of international, comparative, and human rights law, strong research and teamwork skills, and a personal commitment to justice shaped by a background in the conflict-affected Great Lakes region of Africa.

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The Weight of Words in the Qualification of Armed Conflicts in International Law: Comparative Reflections on Gaza and the DRC
The Weight of Words in the Qualification of Armed Conflicts in International Law: Comparative Reflections on Gaza and the DRC

What makes the conflict in eastern DRC different from the Israel–Hamas war? The key lies in how international law classifies armed conflicts. International and non-international conflicts follow different rules, shaping state responsibility and global responses. While Israel–Hamas can be read as an international conflict, the DRC–M23 remains non-international under the ICJ’s strict standards. These distinctions are far from technicalities: they define sovereignty, self-defence, and the role of the international community.

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US Sanctions on the ICC: Legality and Implications
US Sanctions on the ICC: Legality and Implications

In 2020, the Trump administration broke new ground by sanctioning senior officials of the International Criminal Court (ICC), measures lifted under Biden but reimposed in 2025 after arrest warrants against Israeli leaders. Unlike ordinary sanctions between states, these directly targeted an international organisation and its officials, raising unprecedented legal questions. This blog unpacks why such measures lack a legal basis, how they endanger judicial independence, and what they mean for the future of international justice.

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